Chapter 11 Intrabusiness, E-Government and More (modified for class 22 Chapter 11 Intrabusiness, E-Government and More (modified for class 22.02.02 by Judith Molka-Danielsen) Prentice Hall, 2002

Learning Objectives (B2E) business to employee Corporate Portals and the intranets E-government to citizens (B2C) and business (G2B) Describe e-government initiatives peer-to-peer technology in B2E, B2B, and C2C Prentice Hall, 2002

Portals portals - web sites serving as initial points of entry or as concentration points for many services. Portal means "doorway or entrance". Prentice Hall, 2002

Intrabusiness Communications B2E communication can be between the business and individual employees To provide added services to the employee To help the business function better Intrabusiness EC can be between the business and business units or departments …sometimes portals are used. Prentice Hall, 2002

Book Case Reasons: Portal Speeds Product Research and Development B2E Portals provide Fast and easy access to information required to support the design activities and R&D Collaboration tools and database for locating company experts (Intranets, DataWarehousing) Features Strong security Easy integration with legacy systems Built-in intelligent agents Fast seraph engine Powerful knowledge management capabilities Prentice Hall, 2002

(B2E) – private services Business to its employees (B2E) Employees electronically order supplies and material needed for work Corporate stores that sell company’s products to employees at a discount Businesses disseminate information on the intranet Employees can buy discounted insurance, travel packages, etc., on corporate intranet Employees can manage fringe benefits take classes and more Prentice Hall, 2002

Intrabusiness – business services Between and among units within the business Large corporations consist of independent units that “sell” or “buy” materials, products, and services from each other This type of transaction can easily be accomplished over the intranet Network constructed to link dealerships owned by the corporation Support communication Collaboration Execution of transactions Prentice Hall, 2002

Intrabusiness (E2E) for the business Between and among corporate employees (group communications) Large organizations have classified ads on the intranet where employees can buy and sell products and services from each other Especially popular in universities Interconnect their intranets to increase exposure Employees collaborate and communicate using EC technologies Prentice Hall, 2002

Intrabusiness Infrastructure Intranet—network architecture designed to serve internal informational needs of a company using Web protocols and tools Provides: Internet capabilities internal to the business Protected firewall access between Internet and business internal system Search engines Tools for communication and collaboration Prentice Hall, 2002

Collaborative Commerce Tools- create communities of users Discussion groups by topic (email lists) Message boards (Q&A pages) Chat rooms or instant messaging Experts available at web sites Membership services for industry network members (web page hosting, email address hosting, portals sites with member centric views) Other tools (shared CAD, video conferencing) Prentice Hall, 2002

Figure 11-2 Architecture of an Intranet Prentice Hall, 2002

Intrabusiness Applications IT supports business processes and can be a substitute for travel. (Intranet is the infrastructure.) Empowerment of the employee (knowledge access) Virtual organizations (distributed workers) Software distribution (distributed tools) Document management Project management Training (education, seminars, conferences) Enhanced transaction processing Paperless information delivery Improved administrative processes Prentice Hall, 2002

Enterprise (Corporate) Portals Types of portals Publishing portals Commercial portals Types of portals Personal portals Corporate portals All true, but before we go into the books perspective on Portals… Here is another Prentice Hall, 2002

What is a Portal? A web page that pulls information together (Yahoo), Creates simple, up to date, interest based access to information Primary purpose: pull together information, not generate it. Prentice Hall, 2002

What is the information management problem? Too much information on the web (infoglut) Too messy, too complex to navigate Corporations want people to stick around longer (to easy to go to another site) Executives have no control over what people see Prentice Hall, 2002

How do portals help? Filter information – see only what I care about Uses the Document model - magazines Stickiness – access to content Control – centrally published by the business Prentice Hall, 2002

Why were portals created? Reaction to browsing Browsing is a distraction, slow Portals stop browsing Prentice Hall, 2002

Categories of Portals Public Web Sites (Yahoo) – keep users around to read ads, read about products Corporate portals – filter and control what the community of users sees, stop browsing, require low user support Individual portals – pages you go to out of interest, access to relevant content, personal, (Stocks, OL results, travel info). Prentice Hall, 2002

Corporate portals benefits They support knowledge management Up to date info Simple to use (low user support, little training) Browser client interface, known, no extra software to maintain Easy to see what info is relevant Keep workers from browsing, because they find what they need Prentice Hall, 2002

Common characteristics of all portals Simple to use Use the document model Push information to the user Let the user subscribe to the technology (they must be able to personalize it, or they will not use it. It must be enjoyable.) Prentice Hall, 2002

Books versus Portals Books Portal Hierarchical structure – organize info Author guided Portable Solitary activity Portal Hyperlink structure – need tools to navigate Self guided – search ability Sometimes portable – need e-book? Social – networks are social Portals may become the way to navigate e-books Prentice Hall, 2002

Portal versus Desktop Desktop Portals Access everything (messy, not org. Controlled) Arrange any way (org. Must fix it) Copy-paste-run any application Work with the computer (access file system) Portals Filtered Minimal arrangement ability Read only applications Real only access to file system User resistance to being locked out of desktop. Must work together, and allow user authoring. Prentice Hall, 2002

Portal Lessons learned Simple Access to complex info Scalibility – broad range of info, many sources, legacy systems Use document process model (magazine) Send only info that the community cares about Support group activities within an organization Design it so that your suppliers and customers can become members of your portal Provide navigatable access to good content, and make it fun and interesting. Prentice Hall, 2002

Figure 11-3 Types of Portals Prentice Hall, 2002

Figure 11-4 Corporate Portal as a Gateway to Information Source: Tibco.com Prentice Hall, 2002

Enterprise (Corporate) Portals (cont.) Portal applications Access to data from disparate corporate systems Personalized pages for users Effective search and indexing tools Internal company information Knowledge bases and learning tools Business process support Customer facing sales, marketing, services Collaboration and project support Prentice Hall, 2002

Figure 11-5 Corporate Portal Framework Source: Compiled by N. Bolloju, City University of Hong Kong, from Aneja et al. (2000) and from Kounadis (2000) Prentice Hall, 2002

Example of Intranet and a Portal: Cadence Design Systems Business challenge Support customer’s entire product development cycle (from sales to delivery) Organization must interact (coordinate, communicate) with customers Corporate portal—Web-based single point of information supporting sales process OnTrack uses home page with links to other pages One tool provides all information and data needed All creators of information must add it on OnTrack. They can add a message to the daily newsletter, modify a step in sales process, or update a customer presentation Prentice Hall, 2002

Cadence Design Systems (cont.) Lessons learned Difficult task to balance cost of training against return Key to success—unifying technology with process Design structure to satisfy 80% instead of 100% of process Outsourced creation of application Shortened training time for new sales reps Prentice Hall, 2002

E-Government: An Overview E-government uses IT and EC to provide: Convenient access to government information and services Delivery of public services Efficient and effective method of conducting business transactions Digital online access to information Online transaction services for citizens Prentice Hall, 2002

Major Categories of Applications of E-Government Government-to-citizens Involves dozens of different initiatives enabling citizens to interact with the government from their homes Citizens can: Find all the information they need on the Web Ask questions and receive answers Pay tax and bills Receive payments and documents Prentice Hall, 2002

Major Categories of Applications of E-Government (cont.) Governments Disseminate information Conduct training Help find employment Electronic benefits transfer (EBT) is an example of G2C applications System relies on a single smart card that accesses cash and food benefits Recipients either get electronic transfers to bank account or download to smart card Reduces fraud Prentice Hall, 2002

Major Categories of Applications of E-Government (cont.) Government-to-business and business–to-government E-procurement Large amounts of MROs and materials direct from many suppliers Uses basically a reverse auction system E-auctions Auction surpluses from vehicles to real estate May use 3rd-party site Prentice Hall, 2002

Major Categories of Applications of E-Government (cont.) Government-to-government Intelink—sharing information between intelligence agencies Buyers.gov—general services administration Federal case registry—health and human services Procurement marketing and access network—small business administration Government-to-employees—e-services for employees Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government Stage 1: information publishing/dissemination Individual government departments set up their own Web sites that provide: Information about them Range of services available Contacts for further assistance Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government (cont.) Stage 2: official two-way transactions Using legally valid digital signatures and secure Web sites, customers: Submit personal information Conduct monetary transactions Customers must be convinced that: System keeps their information private System is free of piracy Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government (cont.) Stage 3: multipurpose portals Customer-centric governments enhance service delivery Customer needs can cut across department boundaries, portal allows customers to use single point-of-entry to: Send and receive information Process monetary transactions across multiple departments Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government (cont.) Stage 4: portal personalization Customers can access a variety of services at a single Web site Customers can customize portals with their desired features Requires sophisticated Web programming allowing interfaces Added benefit is that governments get a more accurate read on customer preference Electronic services Non-electronic services Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government (cont.) Stage 5: clustering of common services All real transformation of government structure takes shape here Customers see a unified package instead of once-disparate services Distinction between departments begins to blur Recognize groups of transactions instead of groups of agencies Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government (cont.) Stage 6: full integration and enterprise transformation (see next slide) Digital encyclopedia is now: Full-service center Personalized to each customer’s needs and preferences Old walls defining services are torn down Technology integrated across new government structure bridging gap between front and back offices Prentice Hall, 2002

Figure 11-6 The Stages of E-Government Source: Deloitte Research (see Wong, 2001). Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government (cont.) Transformation—change is very slow Implementing G2B Build customer trust by increasing: Privacy Security Confidentiality Plan technology for growth and customer friendliness Manage access channels to optimize value Weigh insourcing vs. outsourcing Include strong change management program Prentice Hall, 2002

Implementing E-Government (cont.) Security issues—concerns include: Data about citizens stays secure Privacy of individuals is maintained Developing portals (these portal vendors also support government portals) Tibco.com—Portal Builder Ca.com—Jasmine ii Portal Plumtree.com Non-Internet e-government Prentice Hall, 2002

Hvordan fungerer Ebøker? Gruppe 13 Jan Morten Støve, Svein Arild Eikemo, Ingrid Henjum, Hans Jacob Sausjord

Hva er Ebøker? Definisjon Fysisk innretning Innhold

Distribusjonsveier Via fjernbart media/fysisk løsning Via PC tilkoblet Internett Direkte til leseinnretning via fastelefoninett Trådløs til leseinnretningen

Eksempel på verdikjeder for fysiske bøker Forfatter Agent Forlag Bokhandel Kunde

Eksempel på verdikjeder for Ebøker Forfatter Nettportal Kunde

Infrastruktur Teknologikrav Allianser og Modeller

Policy og Rettigheter Kopiering Kryptering ”Cracking”

Konklusjon Vil Ebøker ta av?

Wells Fargo bank Lo205 prosjekt av Heidi Kjersem Eldar Lillevik Erna Senkina Ståle Isaksen

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Vi deler i 3 segmenter Privat marked (internasjonalt) Liten B2B Stor B2B                                       

Privatmarkedet Brukervennlighet Online valuta handel Geografi er irrelevant Sanntids kurs oppdatering Forenkler sammenligning av priser Lavere kostnader Amerikanske statsborgere i utlandet Utlendinger er også velkomne Norge innfører også nå internasjonale kontonummer. Eks: NO49 7001 0534 567 (iban)

Eksempel fra privatmarkedet…

Judith bor i Molde, men vil opprette en US-bank-konto, for å lure unna litt kapital til nytt svømmebasseng på hytta……

…. Så hun hopper på første fly fra Årø, som tilfeldigvis går rett til San Francisco…

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Fordeler privat Billigere (lavere gebyr) Betaling, kontoutskrift, balanse oversikt, lett tilgjengelig Åpen 24timer i døgnet globalt! Automatisk betaling (avtalegiro) Ekstra tjenester (eks. aksjetips, sparetips, låneberegning og konsulentstøtte) Tidsbesparende Være sin egen banksjef!!!!!!!!! Konge!

Liten B2B E-løsninger-styringsverktøy for lønn, likviditet, kreditt, skatt, sikkerhet, konsulent tjenester Kan ta over alle områder bl.a. økonomi for bedriften Det kan føles sikrere at en stor bedrift styrer økonomi og tilfører kompetanse Siden dette er elektronisk, klarer bedriften selv å ha oversikten

STOR B2B Wells Fargo blir med som konsulenter, og kreditorer Kommunikasjon med internasjonale konsern gjennom eksempelvis å få tilgang til deres intranet. Wells har stor kompetanse i skatte, aksje og valuta spørsmål, og bedrifter outsourcer slike oppgaver til dem. Med samarbeidspartnere lokalt samt den økende elektroniske datamengde, kan avgjørelser om kreditt etc. gjøres fra USA til f.eks et firma i Norge

Forts. STOR B2B Tilbyr utenlandske banker- amerikanske bank tjenester Formidler støtter eiendom, bedriftsutvidelse, nyetableringer

Generelle Ulemper Personlig forhold Vanskeligere å selge på kunden ekstra (impuls salg) Førsteinntrykk Fordommer (sikkerhet) Fysisk adresse å henvende seg til Må ha Internett! Mulighet for overvåking Bankens troverdighet-stabilitet.

Sammenligning med DNB 50 000 bedrifter har dnb som hovedlevrandør mtp økonomiske forhold som forsikring, lønn, kreditt etc. Jobber også mot å levere full økonomisk pakke til bedrifter og personer

Konklusjon Wells Fargo har med e-løsninger etablert seg blant de største aktørene på markedet En kombinasjon av profesjonelle aktører lokalt og globalt gjør at de kan ivaretas kundenes interesser i alle segmenter

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Customer-to-Customer Applications Customer-to-customer e-commerce Classified ads Personal services C2C buyer exchanges Consumer exchanges Wanted: For Sale: Prentice Hall, 2002

Peer-to-Peer Networks Each workstation (PC) has similar capabilities Benefit of P2P expands the universe of information accessible Characteristics of P2P systems User interface load outside Web browser User computers act as clients and servers Overall system is easy to use System provides connection with other uses Supports “cross-networking” protocols Prentice Hall, 2002

Peer-to-Peer Applications P2P applications in C2C Napster—the file-sharing utility Other providers Gnutella dispenses with central database For games try Heat.net ICQ (the instant messenger-type chat room) can be considered a hybrid P2P technology Prentice Hall, 2002

Customer-to-Customer and Peer-to-Peer Applications Commercial applications in business C2C—users sell digital goods directly from their computers rather than go through centralized servers Computer resources and data file sharing—in modern office setting disk drives and printers are shared Intranet business applications—P2P facilitates internal collaboration Prentice Hall, 2002

Customer-to-Customer and Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.) Business-to business People can share information but are not required to send it to an unknown server Companies use P2P architecture as a base for speeding up business transactions Companies can deliver rich, extensible, balanced, two-way collaborative interactions that are: Dynamic In real-time Collaborative Cost-effective Client-focused Prentice Hall, 2002

Customer-to-Customer and Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.) Business-to-consumer—combining P2P with collaborative filtering for product searches Step 1: user enters search keyword Step 2: keyword is sent to 100 peers, which search local indices of Web pages Step 3: those computers also relay query to 100 of their peers until 1,000,000 computers are queried Step 4: resulting URLs are returned to the user, weighted in favor of most recently visited pages and peers with similar interests Prentice Hall, 2002

Managerial Issues Intranet content management Designing corporate portals Selling the intranet Accessing the intranet from the outside Connectivity Finding intranet applications Your organization and e-government P2P applications Prentice Hall, 2002