The Fishing Vessel as Working Place Halvard L. Aasjord PhD – Senior Scientist SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Fisheries Technology Postnr. N-7465 Trondheim E-mail: halvard.aasjord@sintef.no

Eurostat`s data-base of fishery statistics In 2005 the EU-27 production of fishery products (capture fisheries and aquaculture production) was about 4 % of the world total. Four member states (Denmark 14 %, France 12 %, Spain 14 % and the United Kingdom 12 %) accounted for 53 % of the EU-27 production in 2005. The EU-27 production in 2005 was 17 % less than 1993. Norway and Iceland together accounted for 3 % of the world total (and the production is not decreasing)! Norway fisheries 1993: 2584´ tons – 2005: 2546´tons Iceland fisheries 1993: 1712´ tons – 2005: 1669´ tons

European Fisheries and Aquaculture - selected nations

European Capture Fisheries - selected nations

The Norwegian Active Fishing Fleet

Norwegian all year fleet No of vessels Mean man-year Total man-years Coastal bottom fleet 1288 2,2 2834 Coastal pelagic fleet 150 5,5 825 Deep sea bottom fleet 102 14,8 1510 Deep sea pelagic fleet 112 8,3 930 Total all year fishing fleet 1652 3,7 6098

The Norwegian All Year Fishing Fleet – total 1652 vessels

The Norwegian Fishing Fleet – total 7301 vessels

Man-Year in The Norwegian Fishing Fleet – total 9365 man-year

"Fiskebåten som fremtidig arbeidsplass" Eksemler fra liten kystfiske (10-15 meter), stor kystfiske (21-34 m), bankline (30-50 m), trålfiske (40 - 70 m) og ringnot (45 - 95 m) Mannskapfordeling på ulike fartøygrupper, antall mann ombord, arbeidsoppgaver, arbeidsfordeling, avløsningsordninger (større fartøy) Arbeidstid for fiskere ombord på ulike fartøy- og driftsgrupper (tall fra budsjettnemda - Lønnsomhetsundersøkelser - helårsdrevne - år 2006) Ulykker og risikoutvikling for de ulike (hoved) driftsgrupper - 10-årsperioden 1998 - 2007 Noen fartøyeksempler og endel tabellariske oppstillinger! Noen utviklingstrekk for fiskeri mhp. HMS SINTEF / jeg (og noen andre) har i perioden 2002 - 2006 vært ute på fiske med 12 - 15 fartøy fra ulike driftsgrupper og foretatt visse observasjoner på arbeidsforhold og risiko. Vi har så langt ikke direkte forsket på (mangler forskningsmidler) på fatigue (utmattelse) i norsk fiskeri, så derfor ingen spesifikke vitenskapelige data!

FV ”HAVSTJERNA” – SF-85-B – LMFV – MÅLØY - NORWAY Havstjerna – LMFV Built year 2001 in China for Iceland – Norway 2003 Modern fishing vessel – 20,99 meter - 68,9 feet Fishing with mechanized long line and gillnets Ground fish: cod, haddock, cusk, catfish, coalfish Skipper: Birger Grotle, 57 year

Working hours and conditions FV ”Havstjerna” are using a 1:1 system for all the crew A shift system is essential to get renewed energy for the crew on the next fishing trip. Crew onboard: 6 – 7 fishermen (long line and gillnets) Crew1: 3 weeks onboard and crew2: 3 week free (at home). Effective fishing period: 10 – 11 months per year. May month off (in port) for maintenance of the vessel . Fishing activities: Working: 15 – 16 hours per day Each fisherman: 3 weeks x 7 days x 15 hours = 315 hours Working hours: 7 – 8 trips x 315 h = 2205 – 2520 hours/year Skipper is more awake than the other crew members. Skipper has to navigate from shore to the fishing ground There are three navigators on board this vessel (not at same trip)

Coastal fishing group 002: 10 – 14,99 m Conventional bottom fisheries: 647 vessels in this group Fishing vessels in the length groups: 10 – 14,99 meter Average of two (2) fishermen on board per vessel Working hours: 2232 hours per fisherman No shift register Total employment: 1294 fishermen or man-years Fishing with gillnets, long line, jigging and/or trolling

”Randi-Anita” – 13 meter gillnetter Cod fisheries in the wintertime in North-Norway. Period of: January - February - Mars Staring from port at 04:00 in the morning. Steaming 3 ½ hours for the fishing ground. At the fishing ground 07:30. Fishing nets: 110 – 120 nets, using 4 chains of 40 nets. Hauling the nets and taking out the fish: 5 – 6 hours. Only a small amount (haddock and seithe) are gutted at sea. The main amount of the catch are taken not gutted ashore. This gives work reduction of 20 – 25 % for the fisherman at sea. In bad weather the risk of hurting it self on the knife is much lower. Total working/fishing: 14 – 15 hours per day. The skipper is both navigating and working on the deck.

A 12 meter coastal fishing boat grounded north of Bodø – Feb A 12 meter coastal fishing boat grounded north of Bodø – Feb. 27 – Both fishermen were saves

The autoliner MS ”Leinebris” at the North Cape Bank in November 2003 DEEP SEA LONGLINERS The autoliner MS ”Leinebris” at the North Cape Bank in November 2003

Fishermen on a longliner Fishermen and factory workers: Fishermen: 3 - 4 men working – 3 - 4 men sleeping Working system: 8 hours on – 4 h off – 8 h on - 8 h off + more fish = more work = total 14-16 working hours per day Fishermen: relaxing + eating + sleeping : 8 - 10 hours Working operations – all the fishermen are rotating: Setting all the lines: 45.000 hooks = 4 hours Hauling operations (fishermen) – total 20 hours: Hauling (drage): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3 - 4 hours Separate (splitte): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3- 4 hours Adjusting (rette): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3 - 4 hours Rigging (rigge): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3 - 4 hours

Deep Sea Trawlers

Deep Sea Trawling About 50 trawlers left in the Norwegian deep sea fleet This fleet is fishing for codfish and shrimp Some years ago we had about 100 trawlers in this group Then there were other groups of trawlers Total deep sea trawler fleet: Year 1998: 4600 man-years Year 2005: 2400 man-years Same quantity of catch is caught with fewer trawlers and half the number of Norwegian fishermen (man-years).

The Norwegian trawler fleet 1998 - 2006 Vessel groups Fartøy- Grupper Driftsgrupper etter Budsjettnemda – Fiskeridirektoratet Year 1998 2002 2003 2006 Man- Years 2005 D013, 007 eller 008 STERN TRAWLERS Hekktrålere, torsketrål og evt. reke, rundfrys el. ferskfisk (ising) 39 34 55* 36 1051 917 945 D014, 006 FACTORY TRAWLERS Fabrikkskip m/torsketrålkonsesjon og noen med reketrålkonsesjon 21 16 13 1470 1120 758 D015, 012 OTHER TRAWLERS Andre trålere og småtrålere. Konsumfiske etter sei, torsk m.m. 47 37 16* 10 874 688 194 D020, D021, 011 BIGGER SHRIMP TRAWLERS Rekefrysetrålere, med eller uten Grønlandskonsesjon (ikke torsk) 9 + 15 7 6 591 353 282 D022 SMALLER SHRIMP TRAWLERS Andre havreketrålere. Fartøy over 50 BRT / 80 TE 31 29 ? 179 168 D023, 018 INDUSTRY/PELAGIC TRAWLERS Industritrålere (Nordsjøtrålere), nå også kalt pelagiske trålere 54 41 28 452 343 237 SUM TOTAL SEA GOING TRAWLERS Samlet havgående trålerflåte D022 – andre havreketrålere 185 + 31 141 + 29 135 93 4617 3589 2416

Norwegian trawler fleet 1988 – 2003 - 2006

Accidents and risk in Norwegian trawl fishery

Accidents and risk in different fleet groups in Norwegian fisheries – period 1998 - 2007

Personal accidents 1990 – 2003 Statistics based on FGT ´s material of 1990 – 2002   Accidents among fishermen – analyses of 2104 accidents Lost lives/perished: 3,7 % Invalidity accidents:    15,8 % (15 – 100 %) Milder injured: 80,5 % FGT = Fishermen Mutual Insurance Fund (former company) Vessel Group Vessel groups – FGT-register Personal accidents Pay Out in mill NOK Payment Cost (NOK) Medium payment GP 1 Small Costal Fishing fleet, Loa<10,67 meter 183 10,89 10890.732 59.512 GP 2 Medium Coastal Fishing fleet 10,67<Loa<14,99 meter 216 15,07 15071.103 69.774 GP 3 Large Coastal Fishing fleet, 15 <Loa< 28 meter 713 72,30 72300.573 101.403 GP 4 Deep Sea Fishing Fleet, Loa > 28 meter 992 100,85 100845.243 101.659 Sum All length/fishing groups: 2104 199,11 199107.651 94.633

Safety training of Norwegian fishermen from 1982 to 2007 In the 26-year period of 1982 – 2007: about 35.500 fishermen and others pupils have taken the basic course, while 10.500 fishermen and some others have taken the refresher (repetition) course

Safety training for Norwegian fishermen – staff in 1992?

Safety training of fishermen - 1990 - 2007