The Fishing Boat of tomorrow Working conditions on board a deep sea long-liner The long-liner MS ”Leinebris” at the North Cape Bank in November 2003 Presentation by: Halvard Aasjord

Norwegian deep sea long-liners Deep sea long-liners: 37 vessels in 2006 Days at sea (mean average): 313 days (in 2006) Fishing trips: normal 5 – 7 weeks from/to fishing port Some of the biggest ships also using gillnets for saithe (pollock) Employment in the group: 951 officers & fishermen Working hours per Man-Year: 4296 hours Working hours per fisherman: 2133 hours Total crew on a big long-liner: 13 - 16 persons Officers: Skipper, mate, engineer, cook (4 persons) Fishing: 7-8 fishermen and 3-4 factory workers (10 – 12 persons) Shift system: 1:1 for officers and mostly for the fishermen

Skipper on watch for 14 – 16 hours per day (MS “Leinebris” at North Cape Bank – Nov. 2003)

Norwegian deep sea long-liners Total crew on a big longliner: 14 - 16 persons Officers: Skipper, mate, engineer, cook: (total 4 persons) Fishing: 7- 8 fishermen and 3- 4 factory workers (10-12 persons) Skipper: 6 + 2 + 6 = 14 hours on the bridge in fishing Mate: 6 + 2 h on the bridge + 4 - 6 h in fish production Navigation, external communication Maneuvering and internal communication Stressing: bad / stormy weather Heavy seas – vessel movements like stamp, heave and roll gives heavy working conditions both for the officers and fishermen Winter season far north: North Cape Bank in Nov.– December Dark nearly all the day, no sun in the horizon

The mate on watch for 12 hours per day Also production leader for 4 – 6 hours

Crew on board the longliner “Leinebris” – week 45 – 49 – Nov. 2003 Position on the ship / in the company Still in the company? Position or work status in April 2008 Age in 2003 Age in 2008 Local council Home County Managing Owner YES 1 Chairman of the board and deputy mayor 43 49 Herøy Møre & Romsdal Skipper 1 NO Skipper supply ship 31 36 Aukra Mate/production leader and owner Mate, prod. leader and managing owner 37 42 Chief engineer 58 63 Cook / Stuert Out of the fishing fleet 52 57 Giske Factory worker On leave Unpaid leave 54 Askvoll Sogn & Fjordane 44 34 39 Fisherman 1 Off sick - pensioned 60 65 Fisherman 2   28 33 Ulstein Fisherman 3 Seaman on supply ship 25 30 Fisherman 4 21 26 Vestnes Fisherman 5 (son of one of the owners) Maritime student – coming skipper 19 24 Fisherman 6 Lower officer supply Fisherman 7 Maritim student 16 7 Skipper 2 Fisherman/skipper in Faroe Islands? 53 Vågar Faroe Islands Mate 2 45 50 Chief engineer 2 40 Fisherman 8 Out of the fishing fleet? Haram

Fishermen on a long-liner Fishermen and factory workers: Fishermen: 3 - 4 men working – 3 - 4 men sleeping Working system: 8 hours on – 4 h off – 8 h on - 8 h off + more fish = more work = total 14-16 working hours per day Fishermen: relaxing + eating + sleeping : 8 - 10 hours Working operations – all the fishermen are rotating: Setting all the lines: 45.000 hooks = 4 hours Hauling operations (fishermen) – total 20 hours: Hauling (drage): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3 - 4 hours Separating (splitte): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3- 4 hours Adjusting (rette): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3 - 4 hours Rigging (rigge): 20 – 30 minutes = total 3 - 4 hours

Roster for the fishermen on board a long-liner Vaktliste for fiskere om bord en 45 m autolinebåt

Roller position (at hatch opening) Fisherman working 20 – 30 min per rotation

Separating and adjusting position

Adjusting and rigging (20-30 min) = total 4 h

Factory deck: Most of the fish are gutted in the Baader machine

Factory deck for fish production and freezing The gutted and cleaned fish are sorted and put into so called vertical plate freezers

Factory deck – round frozen fish are taken out the vertical freezer and put into the freezer hold

Frozen squids are used as bate for the bottom longline

Setting room aft on SB-side with lines, anchors and buoys

The machinist (chief) is doing control, maintenance and repair work mostly alone

The cock working in his galley

A Coast Guard vessel at the North Cape Bank

Inspectors from the Norwegian Coast Guard

Personal accidents and risk for six fleet groups

Marine Casualties with 10 long-liners – 30 lives lost

MS ”Sjøliner” of Måløy – Capsized at the North Cape Bank – 08-03-08 Ulukker vil alltid skje på sjøen. Derfor er sikkerheita aldri god nok, seier den erfarne skipperen Øystein Sandøy etter at MS ”Sjøliner” forliste laurdag.

The last capsizing and loss of a long liner - Et slik forlis skal i prinsippet ikke kunne skje. Det sier seniorforsker Halvard Aasjord ved Sintef til Fiskeribladet. (Long-liner fishermen) 30 lives lost (omkommet) Nærmere 30 fiskere har omkommet de siste 20 årene som følge av at banklinebåter har fått vannfylling inn på dekk og dermed kantret. Åpne dragluker og manglende stabilitet ble oppgitt som årsak. - Jeg har ingen kunnskap om hva som skjedde med "Sjøliner" lørdag, men reagerer umiddelbart når jeg hører at årsaken trolig var fylling gjennom ei åpen drageluke. Vi har nå pålegg om systemet for overvåking av drageluka, hydraulisk lukkesystem av luka og eget dragerom. Det skal bli spennende å høre hva som kommer fram i sjøforklaringa, sier Aasjord.

Skipper Sandøy about the loss of MS Sjøliner Øystein Sandøy trur det kan ligge fleire årsaker bak forliset til Måløy-båten "Sjøliner". - Antakeleg var det mange uheldige omstende som skjedde samtidig, og som innbyrdes forsterka kvarandre. Viss eg er korrekt informert blei drageluka slått inn, og det kan ha vore ein viktig grunn til forliset, seier han. Drageluke er ei luke på sida av båten, som tidlegare har vore ein grunn til at båtar har forlist. Dette skjedde mellom anna på "Bordanes"-forliset i 1993. Etter det forliset blei det gjort tiltak for å få bukt med dette problemet. Likevel skjer slike ulukke framleis. - Ein fekk tekniske innretningar som gjorde at drageluka kunne lukkast i løpet av 15 sekund og at alle opningar kunne lukkast. Av grunnar som eg ikkje vil spekulere rundt i dag har altså ikkje dette fungert. Det har i alle fall ikkje fungert fort nok til at båten kunne reddast, seier skipperen.

Central Hauling Pool MS ”Geir” of Ålesund with central hauling pool Hauling and clearing the long line goes on inside the vessel where the vertical accelerations are lowest and movements smallest

Future technologies for longline fishing? Automate the most tiresome (boring) operations Mechanize heavy operations or stressing operations Mechanized system for emptying the plate freezers Renewing or rebuilding for safer ship operations Sheltered decked vessels safer or none hatch openings Central Hauling Pool (MS “Geir” of Ålesund) Hauling well with conveyor belt (“Loran” of Ålesund) Conveyor belt outside the long liner (smaller vessels) A new built long-liner cost to day about NOK 150 mill Many owners of long-liners therefore will renew older ships

Newer Norwegian long-liners – built 1998 - 2002