Økodesigndirektivet – EU: 2009/125/EC Lot 2: Kraft- og fordelingstransformatorer (Distribution and Power Transformers, Lot 2) Innhold: Økodesigndirektivet - Innhold/struktur/fremdrift - NVE sitt mandat og tilnærming Status i den regulatoriske prosessen Lot 2: Kraft- og fordelingstransformatorer Final report (VITO) Working document (forslag regulatorisk implementering) ”Ecodesign Consultation Forum on transformers” Diskusjon – Innspill til EU

Final report (VITO) “Stakeholder involvement is a crucial part of the study”, se: http://ecotransformer.org/ Rapporten er utarbeidet i henhold til EU-kommisjonens MEEuP metode (Methodology for Eco-design of Energy-using Products) http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable- business/ecodesign/methodology/index_en.htm Studien består av 7 hovedelementer: Definisjon Økonomi og markedsanalyse Brukeradferd Vurdering av Base-case Teknisk analyse BAT og BNAT Forbedringspotensial Analyse av politiske virkemidler og potensial

Working document…” Foreslått regulering gjelder: Små (kraft)transformatorer og distribusjons- og krafttransformatorer med minimum 1 kVA til bruk i 50Hz overførings- og distribusjonsnett Definisjonen av små (kraft)transformatorer , distribusjons- og krafttransformatorer følger i hovedsak definisjonen i eksisterende EN standarder. Grenseskillet mellom distribusjon og krafttransformatorer går ved 36 kV på høyspentviklingen. Den forberedende studien viser at energiforbruk er det eneste signifikante miljøaspektet som kan tillegges produktdesign. Andre økodesign parametere ble ikke funnet å være så signifikante

Foreslåtte definisjoner Proposed definitions Foreslåtte definisjoner → “Small power transformer” means transformers designed for use in 50 Hz electricity distribution grids with rated power between 1 and 100 kVA and with a highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 1 kV. → “Oil-immersed distribution transformer” means three-phase transformers designed according to EN 50464-1 operating at 50 Hz, with rated power started at 25 kVA with a rated high voltage winding not exceeding 36 kV. → “Pole mounted transformer” means a transformer with a rated power rating between 150 and 315 kVA designed for aerial mounting on a pole. → “Dry-type distribution transformer” means three-phase transformers designed according to EN 50541-1 operating at 50 Hz, with rated power started at 100 kVA with a high voltage winding not exceeding 36 kV. → “Large power transformer” means transformers designed for use in 50 Hz electricity distribution grids with a high voltage winding exceeding 36 kV.

Forslag til økodesign krav Energitap i driftsfasen er den dominerende faktoren i forhold til miljøpåvirkning over transformatorens levetid Økodesignkrav: Minimumskrav til energieffektivitet Krav til produktinformasjon på transformatoren ikke krav til energimerking av transformatorer Krav til den enkelte transformatortype presentert i Brussel: Fordelingstransformatorer Mastearrangement Små krafttransformatorer Krafttransformatorer

Maximum load and no-load losses* Forslag krav til fordelingstransformatorer Table 2 (Annex I of the Working Document) Product category Stage 1 (from 2014) Maximum load and no-load losses* Stage 2 (from 2018) Oil-immersed distribution transformers For ≤ 630 kVA : A0 (Ck) Bk For > 630 kVA: A0 Ak For ≤ 630 kVA :A0 (-20%) (Ck) Bk For > 630 kVA: A0 (-20%) Ak (subcategory pole mounted transformers disappears) (Subcategory) Pole mounted transformers See Table 3 Dry-type distribution transformers A0 Ak A0 (-20%) Ak (-15%) *Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings defined in the applicable tables in the European Norm shall be obtained by linear interpolation. Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall outside those tables shall be obtained by linear extrapolation. Do stakeholders consider that the proposed energy requirements are realistic and ambitious enough? Is the pole-mounted subcategory needed?

EN 50464 - Tomgangstap A0 fra 2014 A0-20% fra 2018

EN 50464 - Lasttap (Ck) Bk fra 2014 (og 2018) Ak fra 2014 (og 2018)

Energieffektivitet Tomgang- og lasttap Tilsvarer D0, Ck Energieffektivitet Tomgang- og lasttap

Hafslund Nett - spesifikasjon 221-01 Oljeisolerte transformatorer for distribusjonsnett A0 fra 2014 A0-20% fra 2018 D0 Ck- Bk (Ck) Bk fra 2014 (og 2018) D0- C0 Ck- Bk - - B0- A0 Ck- Bk C0- B0 Bk C0- B0 Ck- Bk C0- B0 Ck- Bk Ak fra 2014 (og 2018) C0- B0 Ck- Bk C0- B0 Bk- Ak B0 Ck- Bk B0 Ck- Bk B0- A0 Bk- Ak

Maximum no-load losses Forslag krav til transformatorer i mastearrangement (Option 1) - Table 3 (Annex I of the Working Document) Product category Stage 1 (from 2014) Maximum no-load losses Stage 2 (from 2018) (Subcategory) Pole mounted transformer Low loss core material (≤ 0,95 W per kg at 1,7 T at 50 Hz) (subcategory pole mounted transformers disappears) (Option 2) - Table 3 (Annex I of the Working Document) Rated power (kVA) (**) Stage 1 (from 2014) Maximum losses* Stage 2 (from 2018) Pk nominal (W) (*) P0 nominal (W) (*) (subcategory pole mounted transformers disappears) 160 3100 460 250 4200 650 315 5000 770 *Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the rated power specified in the table shall be obtained by linear interpolation. ** Maximum losses for ratings below 160kVA should be the same as for normal oil-immersed distribution transformers at Tier 1 in Table 2.

Forslag krav til små krafttransformatorer Table 1 (Annex I of the Working Document) Rating (S) (kVA) Tier 1 (from 2016) Tier 2 (from 2020) Maximum no-load losses (W)* Maximum load losses (W)* 1 25 100 21 85 4 55 200 45 170 16 110 400 90 340 32 165 600 135 510 64 220 800 180 680 *Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings in Table 1 shall be obtained by linear interpolation. Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall outside the ratings in Table 1 shall be obtained by linear extrapolation. Do stakeholders consider that the proposed energy requirements are realistic and ambitious enough? Should the compliance dates be brought forward to 2014 and 2018?

Krafttransformatorer Designed to individual customer specifications based on IEC standards with information and guarantees on the performance, including load and no-load losses, between the manufacturer and the customer. Levels of load and no-load losses largely determined by the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis in the (often public) procurement processes, as follows: TCO = PP + A*Po + B*Pk, where PP = purchase price A = cost of no-load losses per Watt (€/Watt) Po = rated no-load loss in Watts B = cost of load losses per Watt (€/Watt) Pk = rated load loss in Watts A and B incorporate a number of parameters, including the avoided cost of system capacity, avoided cost of energy, and the discount rate. The preparatory study refers to the German DIN 42508 standard to specify mandatory maximum levels of load and no-load losses for different ratings and voltage levels of the HV winding.

Forslag krav til krafttransformatorer Option 1: Maximum losses Follow recommendation in preparatory study and adapt maximum load and no-load losses from German standard DIN 42508 for Tier 1 and Tier 2, while equivalent EU standards are developed. Option 2: Minimum efficiency Use an energy-efficiency formula (applicable to all designs) defined at a set loading point to allow for the range of network configurations that may be encountered. Option 3: Information requirements only Establish product information (load and no-load losses) as a minimum requirement. Allow time for standards making bodies to complete measurement standards. Reassess energy performance requirements at the review of the implementing measure (2014 + 6 years = 2020…)

US rulemaking on distribution transformers USA - Forslag til krav til fordelingstransformatorer US rulemaking on distribution transformers The US Department of Energy has recently (10/02/2012) published a notice of proposed rulemaking under the Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Distribution Transformers. The draft US rulemaking is stricter than the 2007 regulation and proposes electrical efficiency by equipment class (designs) for liquid-immersed distribution transformers (up to 1500 kVA) and for low and medium-voltage dry-type distribution transformers (up to 2500 kVA) It is difficult to compare the proposed US rulemaking with the proposed EU ecodesign regulation because many parameters are different (frequency, load factor, primary/secondary circuit) Compliance starts 1 January 2016. The DOE’s analysis indicates that the proposed standards would save an estimated 1.58 quads (463 TWh) over 30 years (2016-2045). This represents an average of 15 TWh/year and is remarkably close to the estimates in the VITO preparatory study. https://federalregister.gov/a/2012-2642

USA - Forslag til krav til fordelingstransformatorer ŋ kVA

Energieffektivitet Effektivitet i % for transformator