WELCOME.

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1 WELCOME

2 Acknowledgement Any survey work is impossible with out any support of expert and professional and that study is not an exception. Therefore First of all I would like to express my deep sense indebted to Dr. Meenakshi Srivastava. Head of the department of zoology university of Lucknow. This able guidance encouragement and timely suggestion provided me incentive to work on the problem assigned to me. Thanks are more than due to Dr.Nirupma Agarwal professor of zoology department for providing the necessary facilities in the department. I am highly thankful to Dr.A.M.Sexena professor of zoology department. Finally, I am especially indebted to Dr. Amita Kanuajia lecturer of zoology department who have not only blessed me but also remained a tower of strength for inspiration and encouragement. Reena Devi M.sc.final(zoology) University of Lucknow

3 Project on protozoa classification Levine et al (1980)

4 Contents Protozoa classification (Levine et al (1980) ).
Life cycle of different protozoan parasites.

5 Phylum- protozoa gr..protos=first,zoon=animal
Gereral characters- These are microscopic, animalcule but few are visible to the unaided eyes. Spherical , amoeboid ,ovoid ,spindle, cup shaped. Body is a cellular. Free living. Protoplasm, differentiated into ectoplasm, endoplasm. Nutrition may be holozoic (animal like), halophytic(plant like), saprophytic. Locomotion by pseudopodia(rhiopoda),flagella(mastigophora), cilia(ciliata). protozoans two type of nuclei(macronucleus)and nucleus(dimorphic).

6 Protozoa SARCOMASTIGOPHORA LABYRINTHOMORPHA APICOMPLEXA MICROSPORA ASCETOSPORA MYXOZOA CILIOPHORA *

7 SARCOMASTIGOPHORA SUBPHYLUM MASTIGOPHORA OPALINATA SARCODINA

8 A O- EUGLENIDA Ex- Euglena S o- DINOFLAGELLIDA Ex- Noctiluca
MASTIGOPHORA C L PHYTOMASTIGOPHORA A O- EUGLENIDA Ex- Euglena S o- DINOFLAGELLIDA Ex- Noctiluca S ZOOMASTIGOPHORA o-KINETOPLASTIDA Ex-Trypanosoma, Leishmania o-DIPLOMONADIDA Ex-Giardia o-TRICHOMONADIDA Ex- Trichomonas

9 OPALINATA class-OPALINATEA Order-OPALINIDA e.g OPLINA

10 SARCODINA SUPERCLASS –Rhizopoda C Lobosea L s u A b Gymnamoebia
o-Amoebeda Ex-Amoeba S c l Arcellinida Ex-Arcella S a s Granuloreticulasea o-Foramanifrida Ex- Polystomella (Elphidium)

11 APICOMPLEXA CLASS SPOROZOEA Gregarina
s O-Gregarinida Ex-Monocystis, Gregarina C. Coccidia o-Eococcidida Ex- Plasmodium, Eimeria

12 CILIOPHORA CLASS KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA S.C.-VESTIBULIFEREA o-TRICHOSTOMATIDA Ex-Balantidium S.C.-SUCTORIA o-SUCTORIDA Ex- Ephelota POLYMENOPHORA S.C - SPIROTRICHIA o- HETEROTRICHIDA Ex- Stentor , Nyctotherus OLIGOMENOPHORA S.C.-HYMENOSTOMATIA O-HYMENOSTOMATIDIA EX- Paramecium S.C PERITRICHIA o-PERITRICHIDA Ex- Vorticella

13 SARCOMASTIGOPHORA Simple nucleus.
Locomotion through Flagella, Pseudopodia. Reproduction through Syngamy

14 S.P-Mastigophora Commonly called flagellate.
Locomotion through flagellum. Body covered with pellicle. Nutrition may be Holophytic, Saprozoic, Holozoic.

15 Class. Phytomastiphora
Presence of Chromatophore. Nutrition may be Holophytic or Mixiotrophic. Paramylon is reserve food. Reproduction take place by longitudinal binary fission.

16 Order Euglenida Body covered with Pellicle. One or two flagella.
Nutrition holophytic or saprozoic. Reproduction by longitudinal binary fission. e.g. Euglena.

17 Class Zoomastigophora
Absence of Chromatophores. Two or more flagella. Holozoic or saprozoic nutrition. Reproduction through binary fission.

18 Order- kinetoplastida
Mostly parasitic. Nutrition holozoic or saprozoic. Reprodution by binary fissioin. Mostly pathogenic (disease causing in man and domestic animal). e.g. Trypanosoma.

19 Subphylum-Opalinata Body covered with cilia.
Monomorphic nuclei are present. Reproduction by symmetogenic. Endoparasite in large intestine of frog. e.g. Opalina.

20 Sub-phylum Sarcodina Locomotion and feeding by pseudopodia.
Body is amoeboid. Single nucleus. Nutrition is holozoic, Saprozoic. Reproduction by binary fission.

21 Oreder-Amoebida Body is amoeboid. Naked without Skelton.
Test or shell absent. e.g. Amoeba.

22 Order-Arcellinida Body enclosed in one chambered shell.
Lobose pseudopodia. Fresh water forms. e.g. Arcella.

23 Phylum-Apicomplexa Apical complex.
Consisting of polar ring, rhoptries, micronemes, conoid. Cilia absent. Reproduction by syngamy.

24 Order-Gregarinida Mature trophozoites large and extra cellular.
Reproduction by sexual with sporogony. Spore contains eight sporozoites. e.g. Monocystis.

25 Order-Eococcidida Trophozoite is intracellular.
Parasite of vertebrates, insect, worms. e.g. Plasmodium, Eimeria.

26 Order-Microsporida Spores are unicellular.
Intra cellular in arthropods and vertebrates. e.g. Nosema bombycis, caused Pebrine disease in silkworm larvae.

27 Phylum-Ciliophora Simple and compound cilia. Two types of nuclei.
Reproduction by conjugation,Autogamy, Cytogamy. e.g. Paramecium, Balantidium

28 LIFE CYCLEs OF DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN PARASITES

29 Euglena

30 noctiluca

31 leishmania

32 giardia

33 trichomonas

34 amoeba

35 polystomella

36 monocystis

37 plasmodium

38

39 nosema

40 balantidium

41

42 Classification (1965) BY -John and bovee
Phylum Protozoa Mastigophora Sacrodina Ciliata Opalinate eg-opalina Sporozoa

43 Super class 1- Mastigophora
PHYTOMASTIGOPHOREA ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA 1-CHRYSOMONADIDA CHAONOFLAGELLIDA Eg-Chrysamaeda eg- Proterospongia 2-CRYPTOMONADIDA RHIZOMASTIGIDA Eg-Cryptomonas eg-Mastigamoeba 3-DINOFLAGELLIDA KINETOPLASTIDA Eg-Ceratium ,Noctiluca eg-Leishmania 4-EUGLENIDA DIPLOMONADIDA Eg- Euglena eg- Giardia 5- VOLVOCIDA TRICHOMONADIDA Eg-Volvox Pandorina HYPERMASTIGIDA 6- CHLOROMONADIDA eg- Trichonympha Eg-Vacuolaria

44 Super class 3- Sarcodina (Gr..sarcos=fleshy, podos=foot)
classes HYDRAULEA AUTOTRACTEA 1-AMOEBIDA PROTEOMYXIDA Eg- Amoeba, eg-Pseudospora Entamoeba HELIOZODA 2-ARCELLINIDA eg-Actinophrys Eg-Arcella,difflugia RADIOLARIDA 3-MYCETOZOIDA eg-Thalassicola Eg-Badhamia FORAMANIFERIDA eg-Elphidium

45 SUPER CLASS 4- (SPOROZOA)
TELOSPOREA CNIDOSPOREA ACNIDOSPOREA 1-MYXOSPORIDA TOXOPLASMIDA 1-GREGARINIDIA eg-Myxobolus eg-Toxoplsma Eg-Monocystis Myxidium GREGARINA 2- COCCIDIA MICROSPORIDA HAPLOSPORIDA Eg-Eimeria eg-Nosema eg-Haplasporidium Isopora Ictrhyosporidium 3-HAEMOSPORIDIA Eg-Plasmodium

46 Superclass -5- (ciliate)
HOLOTRICHEA PERITRICHEA SUCTOREA SPIROTRICHEA 1-GYMNOSTOMATIDA PERITRICHIDA SUCTORIDA HETEROTRICHIDA EgProrodon eg-Vorticella eg-Ephelota eg Nyctotherus 2-TRICHOSTOMATIDA Podophrya OLIGOTRICHIDA Eg-Balantidium eg-Strombidium 3-CHONOTRICHIDA HYPOTRICHIDA Eg-Spirochona eg-Stylonychia 4-ASTOMATIDA Eg-Anoplophyra 5-HYMENSTOMATIDA Eg-Paramoecium

47 Protozoa(1980) 1- SARCOMASTIGOPHORA 2- APICOMPLEXA CONSIDERED
MICROSPHORA NOT ASCETOSPORA CONSIDERED MYXOZOA CILIOPHORA (e.g-Balantidium, Nyctotherus)

48 part-1- Sarcomastigophora
MASTIGOPHORA OPALINATE SARCODINA CLASS (AMOEBAE) ZOOMASTIGOPHORA ORDER KINETOPLASTIDA RETORTAMONADIDA DIPLOMONADIDA TRICHOMONADIDA eg- Chilomastix, eg- Giardia eg-Trichomonas, S.O Retortamonas Dientamoeba . TRYPANOSOMATINA Eg.– Trypanosoma, Leishmania RHIZOPODA Eg,-Entamoeba, Naegleria

49 Part – 2 - Apicomplexa class Sporozoea Toxoplasma, Theileria
eg-Monocystis eg -Isopora, eg -Babesia, Toxoplasma, Theileria Plasmodium. GREGARINIA COCCIDIA PIROPLASMIA

50 Reference Levine et al (1980). J.D.Smith. K.K.Tripathi.

51 THANK YOU